Home prices forecasted to plunge, but US expected to avoid a repeat of 2008 financial crisis: Fannie Mae

Home prices are expected to drop by nearly 7%, but higher mortgage rates continue to make affordability a challenge for many homebuyers, Fannie Mae said. (iStock)

Fannie Mae's latest economic forecast has predicted home prices will drop by over 6% in the next two years but said the U.S. market is in good shape to weather the decline.

The mortgage giant's Economic and Strategic Research (ESR) Group expected a home price growth decline of 4.2% in 2023, followed by an additional drop of 2.3% in 2024. The anticipated price drops are more than the mortgage giant had previously forecasted, 1.5% and 1.4%, respectively.

The rapid decline in home prices is not likely to create a shock for the market as it did during the 2006 to 2008 period, when prices dropped and borrowers walked away from mortgages, flooding the housing market with foreclosures, according to Fannie Mae.  

Today "fewer borrowers are facing interest rate shocks, loan workout and modification programs are more robust, and aggregate residential real estate and the broader financial system are substantially less leveraged compared to the 2006-2008 period," Fannie Mae said. 

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Recession still in the cards

Fannie Mae revised its final 2022 gross domestic product growth estimate to 0.8% from 0.4% due to "stronger incoming indicators."

Despite the year ending with more robust growth than initially forecasted, Fannie Mae said it still expected a modest recession to start in the first half of 2023. It is anticipating a contraction of 0.6% in GDP growth in 2023, down one-tenth from its previous forecast.

"Consumer spending remains unsustainably high relative to disposable income, supported by consumers tapping into savings built-up during the pandemic period and taking on debt," Fannie Mae said. "While it is difficult to determine the exact timing, we believe it is only a matter of time before consumer retrenchment helps drive an eventual general economic contraction."

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High mortgage rates keep buyers at bay

Even with home prices dropping, elevated mortgage rates will continue to test homebuyer affordability, according to Fannie Mae. 

The government-sponsored mortgage lender projected home sales to drop 21.3% in 2023 from its final estimate of 2022 total sales, for an expected 4.52 million units in total sales. By 2024, sales are predicted to rebound by 12.8% for an expected 5.1 million units in total sales. The pace comes well below what the market has seen in recent years, Fannie Mae said. 

A recent softening in inflation has some economists predicting that the Federal Reserve may ease on interest rate hikes. That move can either signal one of two things, according to Fannie Mae.

"The market sees the Federal Reserve easing in the second half of the year, which can be interpreted either as a view that the recession is forthcoming or that the slowdown in inflation will lead to a less restrictive monetary posture," Fannie Mae Senior Vice President and Chief Economist Doug Duncan said in a statement. "If the latter occurs, the lower accompanying rates will likely set the stage for a pickup in housing activity going into 2024, as can be seen in our latest forecast. 

"However, if the market is wrong – and the Federal Reserve does as it has stated it will do and holds the federal funds target at the terminal rate longer to ensure no inflation resurgence – then the accompanying rate decline and associated revival in housing activity will likely be delayed," Duncan continued. "In either case, we expect 2023 to be a slow year for the housing market."

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